Production of Paints

What is Paint?

Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc. Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.

Types of Paints

There are different types of paints, but we shall be looking at the production some few such as emulsion, textcoat, and Satin otherwise called nylon or washable paint.

Emulsion
This a paint having water usually as the volatile phase with various nonvolatile substances (such as a linseed-oil varnish) in emulsion as the binder

These are the chemical to be used in the production of emulsion paint
1. Water
2. Titherni (used only for the production of white paint)
3. Calcium carbonate (Calcium)
4. Colourite 
5. P.V.A
6. Formalin
7. Nitrosol
8. Ammonia
9. Hydrosol
10. Marble dust
11. Acrydext
Others include 
12. Geniple
13. K14
14. Bama cork

Functions of the chemicals
1.water
Water is used to mix all the chemicals together. It must not be a hot water. You can use any type of clean and neat water with normal water temperature. However, I prefer soft water to cold water. It helps to mix the paints more easily.

2.Titherni
It is whitening chemical in powdery form. You can always get it where they are selling paint chemical, or rather industrial chemical. Just ask of titherni it will be given to you. It performs the function of making sure that you with paint is shining and not dull. This is the secret of some big names in painting industry. We shall give you the ratio down the line. It is only used when you are producing with paint. That does not mean you cannot use it in other colours but the function is more significant in white paints.

3.Calcium Carbonate
This chemical is also in powdery form. It is packaged in bags and they write CalCo on it. It is made by so many companies, I would not like to advertise any but just ask of calcium and it will be given to you.
Now calcium carbonate is of two or types
We have delomite and cacite. Both are good but delomite is recommended if you are producing pure white paint and cacite is better in off white (dirty white) paint.

4.Colourite
This is the most important of the entire course. It involves the ability of mixing some colours to get a desired result. It is not difficult at all if you have initiative and artistic eye.
These are the colours we have in raw form ( please permit me to call them primary colours because all other colours in the painting industry is gotten from them)
They are: yellow ( we painters call it cream), Red, Black, Blue, and Green. All other colours are gotten from a combination of one or two of these.
What about White paint? You might ask. Well we do not need to have a pure white colour because, we make our paints with CalCo and it gives us white naturally. In fact once you put your calcium in water you get white paint. I hope that is clear.
We shall cover how to mix the paints to get particular result. But for now just know that colours can be found in paste or oxide. When we say colours are in paste we mean that they are in condensed liquid form (like your pomade), when they are in oxide it means they are in dust form (like your wife’s powder). A colour like cream has both oxide and paste. Red and black are mostly in oxide, green and Blue are in paste. For those who might be wondering which one to use between the yellow oxide and yellow paste, I suggest that if you want the colour you are producing to be deep yellow, you should use paste, otherwise use oxide.
CAUTION: you MUST dilute the colours very well with a little water before you apply it to your paint. For example if you get a red oxide, pour a cup of water in a different container mix thoroughly. If not, your paint will be having dotted stains as you roll it on the wall. 

5.P.V.A.
This chemical is very important. I guess you might have seen a situation where after painting a building, when you rub your hand on the surface it will be dusty. That is as a result of ill usage of this liquid formed chemical. In my experience, some big names in the painting industry do not even know how to use it. But you not worry, I will tell you and who know you might become their next consultant. 

6.Formalin
It does the function of preservative. 
7.Nitrosol
It helps to hold the paints together i.e it is a thickener. Its correct usage makes the paint more durable on the wall.
8.Ammonia
This is your secondary school laughing gas. It is also used to make the paints more durable. It serves as a preservative agent too.

9.Hydrosol
This is the chemical that integrates the colours and brings out the best in them. It is used to correct dullness in paints.

10.Marble dust
This is usually used in the production of textcoat paints. It is of two types rough and smooth. The preference is determined by what you want to achieve. If you want sandy textcoat i.e the one without lining, you use only rough type. However, the combination of both in the same ratio gives a better result.

11. Acrytext
This is used as a thickener. It holds the seemingly watery paint together.

12. Geniple
This one just does the function of giving the painter a scintillating perfume as he does his job.

12. K14 
It is also a preservative.

13. Bama cork
It does the function of nitrosol. If you use bama cork you do not need to use nitrosol. 

Formulation
The details of the formulation of the types of paints such as Emulsion,Textcot, and Satin are contained in the Ebook packaged for members of Meridian life support foundation Melisfon.